双碳目标的司法服务体系构建
Construction of a Judicial Service System for the Double Carbon Goal
（一）最高人民法院明确保护自然资源的涉碳权利
The Supreme People’s Court explicitly defines the protection of carbon-related rights to natural resources
双碳指的是2020年9月中国提出2030年“碳达峰”与2060年“碳中和”目标。在双碳目标背景下，我国生态文明建设进入了以降碳为重点战略方向、推动减污降碳协同增效的关键时期。最高院发布了2021年《关于新时代加强和创新环境资源审判工作为建设人与自然环境和谐共生的现代化提供司法服务和保障的意见》（下称2021《意见》）和2023年《关于完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念为积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和提供司法服务的意见》（下称2023《意见》），明确了
碳排放权、碳汇、碳衍生品等涉碳权利的重要性，以及应当依法妥当处理涉及确权、交易、担保以及执行民事纠纷。
‘The ‘Double Carbon Goal’ refers to China's target of "carbon peaking" by 2030 and "carbon neutrality" by 2060 proposed in September 2020. Against the background of the Double Carbon Goal, the construction of China's ecological civilization has entered a critical period setting carbon reduction as the key strategic direction and promoting synergy between pollution reduction and carbon reduction. The Supreme People’s Court issued the 2021‘Opinions on Strengthening and Innovating Environmental Resource Trials to Provide Judicial Services and Guarantees for Constructing the Modernization of Harmonious Coexistence of Human Beings and the Natural Environment in the New Era’(“2021 Opinions”) and the 2023 ‘Opinions on Providing Judicial Services for the Active and Steady Promotion of the Peak Carbon Achievement and Carbon Neutrality though Accurately and Comprehensively Implementing the New Development Idea’(“2023 Opinions”), which clarified the importance of carbon-related rights, such as carbon emission rights, carbon sinks and carbon derivatives, as well as the need for properly handling civil disputes related to the establishment of rights, transactions, guarantees and enforcement in accordance with the law.
Status Quoof Trials on Carbon-Related Transactions of Natural Resources
双碳背景下的生态环境领域《意见》明确了三方面：第一，明确自然资源的财产权属，涉及土地、草原、矿藏、森林、海域等领域的所有权与使用权；第二，构建了生态保护补偿机制，落实涉碳
公益诉讼和生态环境损害赔偿案件的司法审判；第三，自然资源涉碳的争议解决方式多元化，行政调解、行政处罚与司法审判相衔接，实现调解、仲裁和诉讼有机衔接。
The Opinions in the field of ecology and environment in the context of Double Carbon Goal clarifies three aspects: first, clarification of the property rights of natural resources, involving the ownership and use of land, grassland, mineral deposits, forests, sea areas, etc.; second, construction of a compensation mechanism for ecological protection, and implementing the judicial trial of public-interest litigation and ecological and environmental damages; third, diversification of dispute settlement methods involving carbon in natural resources, linking administrative mediation, administrative penalties and judicial trials, and realization of the organic convergence of mediation, arbitration and litigation.
因此2021年与2023年《意见》中已明确了生态资源的涉碳权利以及一系列的司法保障。
Therefore, the carbon-related rights of ecological resources and a series of judicial guarantees is already clearly defined in the 2021 and 2023 Opinions.
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